Roberts, Marion Mahan (piano) - Revision history

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‎Studies

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‎April 1927

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‎1923

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‎1925 to February 1927

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 Marion's older sister Stella was an accomplished violinist and, like her, a composer and student at the American Conservatory. Weidig reportedly considered the sisters to 'have the biggest talent of them all', while the Conservatory's founder and president, <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Hattstaedt John Hattstaedt]</span>, claimed that Marion was 'on the threshold of an extraordinary musical career'.<ref>Tick, Judith ''Ruth Crawford Seeger: A Composer's Search for American Music'', New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, pp.37, 88</ref> Again, the date of her graduation has not been ascertained (the archives of the American Conservatory of Music do not survive). At any rate, by 1920 she was employed there, leading the children's classes in <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalcroze_eurhythmics Dalcroze eurhythmics]</span>.<ref>Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536084;view=1up;seq=92 'Chicago Symphony Honors Theodore Thomas']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXX No.2, No.2074, Thursday 8 January 1920, p.34</ref>
-The vagaries of reporting and access to sources mean that Marion Roberts' performances at the Conservatory can only be patchily documented at present. In July 1917, she played unspecified works by Chopin and Brahms, composers who clearly chimed with her perhaps already distinctive musical personality.<ref>Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097535834;view=1up;seq=106 'Conservatories And Studios Furnish Chicago Summer Items']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXV No.3, No.1947, Thursday 19 July 1917, p.8</ref> In May 1918, a 'public contest of piano' saw her selected to perform at the Conservatory's forthcoming commencement concert,<ref>'Notes of the Chicago Studio', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXX No.7, 14 June 1919, p.38</ref> but in the event she did not appear.<ref>Rosenfeld, Maurice 'Chicago Institutions Hold Attractive Commencements', Musical America, Vol.XXX No.9, 28 June 1919, p.39</ref> In January 1920, she accompanied her sister Stella and another fellow-pupil in unknown repertoire, earning 'a special word of praise' in the press.<ref>Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536084;view=1up;seq=226 '"The Pleasure-Dome Of Kubla Khan," New Griffes Work For Orchestra, Wins Success In Chicago']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXX No.4, No.2076, Thursday 22 January 1920, p.48</ref> That May, Stella appeared as a composition pupil of Adolf Weidig, playing her own Violin Sonata with Marion at the piano (no work by Marion herself was programmed).<ref>Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536084;view=1up;seq=1146 'Mischa Elman Gives Farewell Recital To Capacity Audience In Chicago']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXX No.19, No.2091, Thursday 6 May 1920, pp.40-41<br />This is the first notice of Stella Roberts' Violin Sonata located so far; it is not currently known when the Sonata was composed or first performed publicly, nor whether it survives in any form (it does not appear to have been published)</ref> On 22 June 1920, Marion was one of several student performers at an ambitious concert for the Conservatory's annual commencement, playing the first movement of Brahms's <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._2_(Brahms) Piano Concerto No.2 in B flat major Op.83]</span> with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Weidig, who also conducted her peers in excerpts from six other concertos.<ref>Devries, Rene <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536149;view=1up;seq=36 'School And Conservatory Commencements Attract All Chicago's Attention As Summer Season Begins']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXXI No.1, No.2099, Thursday 1 July 1920, pp.30-31; Rosenfeld, Maurice 'Chicago's "Commencement Week"', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXII No.10, 3 July 1920, p.37</ref> A year later, the sisters again performed in a concert showcasing the Conservatory's composition students, when Marion played her own Variations and Double Fugue, and accompanied a singer and her sister in four of Stella's songs.<ref>Stella Roberts' songs were ''A Prayer'', ''Beatitude'', ''One Life'' and ''The Gainer''; Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536204;view=1up;seq=1453 'Chicago Commencements Begin']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXXII No.23, No.2148, Thursday 9 June 1921, pp.40-41</ref> Until at least 1922, the sisters appeared together and separately in other Conservatory recitals, which were reported either cursorily<ref>Garbled typesetting means that the Roberts sisters' contribution to an interesting concert on 6 November 1920 is unknown, see Devries, Rene 'Chicago Hears First of Great List of Artists Booked for the Windy City's Busiest Season', ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXXI No.20, No.2118, Thursday 11 November 1920, pp.40-<span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536149;view=1up;seq=963 41]</span>; see also e.g. 'Chicago Studio Notes', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXII No.8, 19 June 1920, p.22; Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536262;view=1up;seq=1120 'Five Concerts On One Sunday An Early Season Record In Chicago']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXXIII No.22, Thursday 1 December 1921, pp.44-45; ead. 'Chicago Opera Engages Richard Hageman', ibid., Vol.LXXXV No.2, No.2205, Thursday 13 July 1922, pp.44-45 (on p.<span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536327;view=1up;seq=103 45]</span>)</ref> or not at all.
+The vagaries of reporting and access to sources mean that Marion Roberts' performances at the Conservatory can only be patchily documented at present. In July 1917, she played unspecified works by Chopin and Brahms, composers who clearly chimed with her perhaps already distinctive musical personality.<ref>Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097535834;view=1up;seq=106 'Conservatories And Studios Furnish Chicago Summer Items']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXV No.3, No.1947, Thursday 19 July 1917, p.8</ref> In May 1918, a 'public contest of piano' saw her selected to perform at the Conservatory's forthcoming commencement concert,<ref>'Notes of the Chicago Studio', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXX No.7, 14 June 1919, p.38</ref> but it seems she did not appear.<ref>Rosenfeld, Maurice 'Chicago Institutions Hold Attractive Commencements', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXX No.9, 28 June 1919, p.<span class="plainlinks">[https://archive.org/details/sim_musical-america_1919-06-28_30_9/page/39/mode/1up 39]</span></ref> In January 1920, she accompanied her sister Stella and another fellow-pupil in unknown repertoire, earning 'a special word of praise' in the press.<ref>Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536084;view=1up;seq=226 '"The Pleasure-Dome Of Kubla Khan," New Griffes Work For Orchestra, Wins Success In Chicago']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXX No.4, No.2076, Thursday 22 January 1920, p.48</ref> That May, Stella appeared as a composition pupil of Adolf Weidig, playing her own Violin Sonata with Marion at the piano (no work by Marion herself was programmed).<ref>Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536084;view=1up;seq=1146 'Mischa Elman Gives Farewell Recital To Capacity Audience In Chicago']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXX No.19, No.2091, Thursday 6 May 1920, pp.40-41<br />This is the first notice of Stella Roberts' Violin Sonata located so far; it is not currently known when the Sonata was composed or first performed publicly, nor whether it survives in any form (it does not appear to have been published)</ref> On 22 June 1920, Marion was one of several student performers at an ambitious concert for the Conservatory's annual commencement, playing the first movement of Brahms's <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._2_(Brahms) Piano Concerto No.2 in B flat major Op.83]</span> with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Weidig, who also conducted her peers in excerpts from six other concertos.<ref>Devries, Rene <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536149;view=1up;seq=36 'School And Conservatory Commencements Attract All Chicago's Attention As Summer Season Begins']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXXI No.1, No.2099, Thursday 1 July 1920, pp.30-31; Rosenfeld, Maurice 'Chicago's "Commencement Week"', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXII No.10, 3 July 1920, p.37</ref> A year later, the sisters again performed in a concert showcasing the Conservatory's composition students, when Marion played her own Variations and Double Fugue, and accompanied a singer and her sister in four of Stella's songs.<ref>Stella Roberts' songs were ''A Prayer'', ''Beatitude'', ''One Life'' and ''The Gainer''; Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536204;view=1up;seq=1453 'Chicago Commencements Begin']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXXII No.23, No.2148, Thursday 9 June 1921, pp.40-41</ref> Until at least 1922, the sisters appeared together and separately in other Conservatory recitals, which were reported either cursorily<ref>Garbled typesetting means that the Roberts sisters' contribution to an interesting concert on 6 November 1920 is unknown, see Devries, Rene 'Chicago Hears First of Great List of Artists Booked for the Windy City's Busiest Season', ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXXI No.20, No.2118, Thursday 11 November 1920, pp.40-<span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536149;view=1up;seq=963 41]</span>; see also e.g. 'Chicago Studio Notes', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXII No.8, 19 June 1920, p.22; Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536262;view=1up;seq=1120 'Five Concerts On One Sunday An Early Season Record In Chicago']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXXIII No.22, Thursday 1 December 1921, pp.44-45; ead. 'Chicago Opera Engages Richard Hageman', ibid., Vol.LXXXV No.2, No.2205, Thursday 13 July 1922, pp.44-45 (on p.<span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536327;view=1up;seq=103 45]</span>)</ref> or not at all.
 In November 1921, the Roberts sisters were reported as having been initiated into the <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu_Phi_Epsilon Mu Phi Epsilon]</span> musical sorority, Iota Alpha chapter, <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Musical_College Chicago Musical College]</span>.<ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112014349549;view=1up;seq=260 'Initiates']</span>, ''Mu Phi Epsilon Triangle'', Vol.XVI No.1, November 1921, pp.262-63</ref> Nothing more is currently known of their association with the College, and perhaps membership of the sorority did not in fact imply or entail any.

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 On 11 April 1927, at a New York studio of the Columbia company, Marion Roberts made her first and only recording (see [[#Chicago Gramophone Society|below]]), the gramophone premiere of the <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9lude,_Choral_et_Fugue_(Franck) Prelude, Chorale and Fugue]</span> by César Franck.
-On 13 April 1927, Roberts sailed from New York for France, on the French liner ''De Grasse'' (also on board was the harpsichordist <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanda_Landowska Wanda Landowska]<ref>'Three Liners Sail, Two Arrive Today', ''New York Times'', Wednesday 13 April 1927, Social News, p.19</ref>). During the night of 21 and 22 April, the ''De Grasse'' docked at Le Havre,<ref>'Marine de Commerce', ''L'Ouest-Éclair'', Thursday 21 April 1927, p.<span class="plainlinks">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k657063j/f6 6]</span></ref> where her fiancé Julian Meredith met Roberts with his new car. He drove her back to his lodgings in Paris, and almost immediately away again, into the countryside of the <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_de_Chevreuse Chevreuse Valley]</span>, south west of the capital. On 23 April, early in the morning, a quarry worker found Meredith's car parked on a road near the village of <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.cernaylaville.fr/clv/index.php Cernay-la-Ville]</span>. In it were Meredith and Roberts, both drenched in blood from gunshot wounds. Roberts was dead; Meredith died soon after, leaving the exact course of events, and the motive for the killings, unclear to this day. The case briefly became front page news in the French and US daily press. Robbery was ruled out, as a considerable sum of cash and a diamond ring - Roberts' engagement ring - had not been taken. Yet the ring was found not on her finger but, as variously reported, in her handbag or in Meredith's wallet; while Meredith had only recently bought the pistol used, and was rumoured to have faced financial worries and unemployment. Despite differing in these and other details, contemporary accounts broadly agreed that Meredith killed Roberts and then himself, apparently after she had broken off the engagement, which the couple was supposedly celebrating.<ref>'American Girl And Sweetheart Shot To Death In Automobile', ''The Chicago Tribune and The Daily News, New York'' [Paris], Sunday 24 April 1927, pp.[1], 7; 'Couple Found Slain In Car Near Paris; Both Americans', ''New York Times'', Sunday 24 April 1927, pp.1, 5; 'Meredith Had Just Bought Pistol', ''New York Times'', Sunday 24 April 1927, p.5; <span class="plainlinks">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7520173d/f2 'Un drame mystérieux à Cernay-la-Ville']</span>, ''La Lanterne'', Sunday 24 April 1927, p.2; <span class="plainlinks">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k575772d/f1 'Dans une auto, au coté de sa fiancée morte gisait un Américain agonisant']</span>, ''Le Matin'', Sunday 24 April 1927, pp.1, 3; Wales, Henry 'Lay Murder Of Oak Park Girl To Broken Troth', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Monday 25 April 1927, p.5; 'Meredith Shooting Laid To A Quarrel', ''New York Times'', Monday 25 April 1927, p.2<br />(The press coverage in France and the USA was extensive; the above references represent a small selection from the many English- and French-language reports consulted)</ref> Final reports, never confirmed or denied, relayed gossip to the effect that Roberts had started a new liaison during her Atlantic crossing.<ref>'Jealousy Seen As Motive For Double American Killing', ''The Chicago Tribune and The Daily News, New York'' [Paris], Tuesday 26 April 1927, p.1; 'Marion Roberts Gay On Voyage Ending In Death', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Tuesday 26 April 1927, p.2</ref>
+On 13 April 1927, Roberts sailed from New York for France, on the French liner ''De Grasse'' (also on board was the harpsichordist <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanda_Landowska Wanda Landowska]<ref>'Three Liners Sail, Two Arrive Today', ''New York Times'', Wednesday 13 April 1927, Social News, p.19</ref>). During the night of 21 and 22 April, the ''De Grasse'' docked at Le Havre,<ref>'Marine de Commerce', ''L'Ouest-Éclair'', Thursday 21 April 1927, p.<span class="plainlinks">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k657063j/f6 6]</span></ref> where her fiancé Julian Meredith met Roberts with his new car. He drove her back to his lodgings in Paris, and almost immediately away again, into the countryside of the <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_de_Chevreuse Chevreuse Valley]</span>, south west of the capital. They were last seen having refreshments at an inn in the small town of <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.cernaylaville.fr/ Cernay-la-Ville]</span>, from which they set off back towards Paris. Early the next morning, 23 April, a quarry worker found Meredith's car parked not far from Cernay, in the neighbouring hamlet of La Barre. In it were Meredith and Roberts, both drenched in blood from gunshot wounds. Roberts was dead; Meredith died soon after, leaving the exact course of events, and the motive for the killings, unclear to this day. The case briefly became front page news in the French and US daily press. Robbery was ruled out, as a considerable sum of cash and a diamond ring - Roberts' engagement ring - had not been taken. Yet the ring was found not on her finger but, as variously reported, in her handbag or in Meredith's wallet; while Meredith had only recently bought the pistol used, and was rumoured to have faced financial worries and unemployment. Despite differing in these and other details, contemporary accounts broadly agreed that Meredith killed Roberts and then himself, apparently after she had broken off the engagement, which the couple was supposedly celebrating.<ref>'American Girl And Sweetheart Shot To Death In Automobile', ''The Chicago Tribune and The Daily News, New York'' [Paris], Sunday 24 April 1927, pp.[1], 7; 'Couple Found Slain In Car Near Paris; Both Americans', ''New York Times'', Sunday 24 April 1927, pp.1, 5; 'Meredith Had Just Bought Pistol', ''New York Times'', Sunday 24 April 1927, p.5; <span class="plainlinks">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7520173d/f2 'Un drame mystérieux à Cernay-la-Ville']</span>, ''La Lanterne'', Sunday 24 April 1927, p.2; <span class="plainlinks">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k575772d/f1 'Dans une auto, au coté de sa fiancée morte gisait un Américain agonisant']</span>, ''Le Matin'', Sunday 24 April 1927, pp.1, 3; Wales, Henry 'Lay Murder Of Oak Park Girl To Broken Troth', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Monday 25 April 1927, p.5; 'Meredith Shooting Laid To A Quarrel', ''New York Times'', Monday 25 April 1927, p.2<br />(The press coverage in France and the USA was extensive; the above references represent a small selection from the many English- and French-language reports consulted)</ref> Final reports, never confirmed or denied, relayed gossip to the effect that Roberts had started a new liaison during her Atlantic crossing.<ref>'Jealousy Seen As Motive For Double American Killing', ''The Chicago Tribune and The Daily News, New York'' [Paris], Tuesday 26 April 1927, p.1; 'Marion Roberts Gay On Voyage Ending In Death', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Tuesday 26 April 1927, p.2</ref>
 According to the historian <span class="plainlinks">[https://works.bepress.com/jtick/ Judith Tick]</span>, Roberts' death 'shattered the community of teachers and students at the American Conservatory.'<ref>Tick, Judith ''Ruth Crawford Seeger: A Composer's Search for American Music'', New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, p.88</ref> But the fledgling composer would soon be forgotten by the wider world. She appears in no historical, reference or academic works, besides Professor Tick's <span class="plainlinks">[https://global.oup.com/academic/product/ruth-crawford-seeger-9780195065091?cc=uk&lang=en& biography]</span> of the composer <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Crawford_Seeger Ruth Crawford]</span>, an almost exact contemporary and fellow-student at the Conservatory. In awe of the Roberts sisters, Crawford felt Marion's death very keenly: for all Marion's gifts, as a woman composer she was in the same predicament as Crawford herself, who mourned 'what great beautiful work Marion might have accomplished'.<ref>Tick, Judith ''Ruth Crawford Seeger: A Composer's Search for American Music'', New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, p.89</ref>

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 In February 1923, the Musicians' Club of Women marked yet another milestone in Marion Roberts' career. During a concert of compositions by some eight Club members, Marion, her sister and three others played the only chamber music currently known from Marion's pen, a Piano Quintet in f sharp minor - surely a homage to two composers she clearly drew inspiration from and emulated, Brahms and Franck; it was also the sole item to be singled out in a notice in ''Musical America''.<ref>'Chicago Composers Present Program', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXVII No.19, 3 March 1923, p.26; the string players were Stella Roberts, Catherine W. Smith, Mildred Brown and Anne Slack</ref> In March, at the <span class="plainlinks">[http://illinois.edu/about/index.html University of Illinois at Urbana]</span>, Marion Roberts was awarded first prize in the piano class of a young artists' contest held by the <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.nfmc-music.org/state-organizations/illinois/ Illinois State Federation of Music Clubs]</span>.<ref>'Social Happenings', ''The Davenport Democrat and Leader'' [Davenport, Iowa], Wednesday 25 April 1923, p.4; 'Music Honors Go To Oak Park And Chicago Artists', ''Chicago Sunday Tribune'', 11 March 1923, part 1, p.4</ref> This won her a cash prize, reportedly of $100, donated by the Piano Club of Chicago;<ref>'Gives Donation for Music Clubs', ''The Music Trade Review'', Vol.LXXVI No.16, 21 April 1923, p.38</ref> it also enabled her to go forward to the country-wide contest of the National Federation of Music Clubs, held in June in <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina Asheville]</span>, North Carolina, where she was runner-up to Nellie M. Miller, of Oklahoma City.<ref>'Inaugural Concert By Symphony Orchestra To Be Heard Tonight', ''The Asheville Citizen'' [Asheville, North Carolina], Tuesday 12 June 1923, pp.1-2</ref> (In October, she would entertain members of the Piano Club of Chicago at one of their luncheons.<ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://presto.arcade-museum.com/PRESTO-1923-1941/05/ 'Noted Golfer Talks To Piano Club Luncheoners']</span>, ''Presto'', No.1941, 6 October 1923, p.5</ref>)
-Roberts did not go home after her success in Asheville but went on to Nashville, Tennessee, where she would be employed for six weeks by the <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.stcecilia.edu/page.cfm?p=602 St. Cecilia Academy]</span> (a private school for girls), as a teacher of piano, harmony and counterpoint - and, specifically, as one who exemplified the methods of her own teachers Adolf Weidig and Louise Robyn.<ref>'Extend Welcome to Pleasing Musician', ''Nashville Banner'' [Nashville, Tennessee], Sunday 23 July 1923, p.5</ref> Before her summer class began, a local musician held an informal gathering 'limited to professional musicians interested in Miss Roberts' especial line of work', for whom the new arrival played some of her own compositions (unfortunately not named).<ref>'Miss Roberts Honored by Miss Valkenburgh', ''Nashville Banner'' [Nashville, Tennessee], Monday 16 July 1923, p.5</ref> Three weeks later, she gave her first known non-competitive solo recital at the Academy; the ambitious programme, published in full, consisted of short and virtuoso works by Arensky, Bach, Borodin, Chopin (and Chopin-Godowsky), Debussy, Dohnányi, Liszt, MacDowell, Rameau-Godowsky and Sternberg, as well as Roberts' own Prelude in F sharp minor, 'an original composition by the soloist, which leaned somewhat toward the more modern school of composition.'<ref>'Chicago Pianist at Academy in Concert', ''The Tennessean'' [Nashville, Tennessee], Friday 10 August 1923, p.16</ref> Before leaving Tennessee, Roberts once again entertained local music-lovers at an informal private musicale in Chattanooga.<ref>'Informal Musicale', ''The Chattanooga News'' [Chattanooga, Tennessee], Wednesday 15 August 1923, p.6</ref> One report noted that she was intrigued by the folk music of Tennessee, and regretted missing Professor Cadek, who was away during her visit<ref>'Musician Visitor', ''Chattanooga News'' [Chattanooga, Tennessee], Saturday 18 August 1923, p.6</ref> - presumably, a reference to the Chattanooga-born violinist <span class="plainlinks">[http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-3022 Ottokar T. Čadek]</span> (1897-1956), leader of the <span class="plainlinks">[https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/mastertalent/detail/100915/New_York_String_Quartet New York String Quartet]</span>; this raises the possibility that they had previously met or even collaborated, although no evidence for this has yet surfaced.
+Roberts did not go home after her success in Asheville but went on to Nashville, Tennessee, where she would be employed for six weeks by the <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.stcecilia.edu/page.cfm?p=602 St. Cecilia Academy]</span> (a private school for girls), as a teacher of piano, harmony and counterpoint - and, specifically, as one who exemplified the methods of her own teachers Adolf Weidig and Louise Robyn.<ref>'Extend Welcome to Pleasing Musician', ''Nashville Banner'' [Nashville, Tennessee], Sunday 23 July 1923, p.5</ref> Before her summer class began, a local musician held an informal gathering 'limited to professional musicians interested in Miss Roberts' especial line of work', for whom the new arrival played some of her own compositions (unfortunately not named).<ref>'Miss Roberts Honored by Miss Valkenburgh', ''Nashville Banner'' [Nashville, Tennessee], Monday 16 July 1923, p.5</ref> Three weeks later, she gave her first known non-competitive solo recital at the Academy; the ambitious programme, published in full, consisted of short and virtuoso works by Arensky, Bach, Borodin, Chopin (and Chopin-Godowsky), Debussy, Dohnányi, Liszt, MacDowell, Rameau-Godowsky and Sternberg, as well as Roberts' own Prelude in F sharp minor, 'an original composition by the soloist, which leaned somewhat toward the more modern school of composition.'<ref>'Chicago Pianist at Academy in Concert', ''The Tennessean'' [Nashville, Tennessee], Friday 10 August 1923, p.16</ref> Before leaving Tennessee after her summer employment, Roberts once again entertained local music-lovers at an informal private musicale in Chattanooga.<ref>'Informal Musicale', ''The Chattanooga News'' [Chattanooga, Tennessee], Wednesday 15 August 1923, p.6</ref> One report noted that she was intrigued by the folk music of Tennessee, and regretted missing Professor Cadek, who was away during her visit<ref>'Musician Visitor', ''Chattanooga News'' [Chattanooga, Tennessee], Saturday 18 August 1923, p.6</ref> - presumably, a reference to the Chattanooga-born violinist <span class="plainlinks">[http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-3022 Ottokar T. Čadek]</span> (1897-1956), leader of the <span class="plainlinks">[https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/mastertalent/detail/100915/New_York_String_Quartet New York String Quartet]</span>; this raises the possibility that they had previously met or even collaborated, although no evidence for this has yet surfaced.
 In September and October 1923, Stella and Marion Roberts took part in two further broadcasts from WMAQ, but nothing is known of the singers they shared the studio with or of the repertoire programmed.<ref>'Radio Programs For The Week', ''Pittsburgh Post'' [Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania], Wednesday 26 September 1923, pp.5-6; <span class="plainlinks">[https://archive.org/stream/radiodigest1923461923radi#page/12/ 'Wednesday, October 3']</span>, ''Radio Digest Illustrated'', 6 October 1923, p.12</ref> At the start of the 1923-24 academic year, Marion was again named as director of Dalcroze classes in the Children's Department,<ref>'In Chicago Studios', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXVIII No.25, 13 October 1923, p.25</ref> a role she was already performing in 1920 (see [[#Studies|above]]).

@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 In January 1922, Marion Roberts gave her first and, to date, only known professional performance with an orchestra. The Sinai Symphony, based at the <span class="plainlinks">[https://openhousechicago.org/sites/site/mount-pisgah-missionary-baptist-church-chicago-sinai-temple/ Sinai Temple and Center]</span>, then one of Chicago's leading synagogues, had been in existence for some years.<ref>See e.g. 'Club Women Observe Mothers' Day Tomorrow', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Saturday 10 May 1913, p.7</ref> In early 1922 it launched a new series of ten concerts conducted by the violinist <span class="plainlinks">[http://rbscp.lib.rochester.edu/2456 Jacques Gordon]</span>, recently appointed Concertmaster of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and professor of violin at the American Conservatory, where he taught Stella Roberts.<ref>Moore, Edward 'Jacques Gordon Adds Tang to Chicago Symphony's Opening', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Saturday 15 October 1921, p.11; 'Radio Programs for Today', ''Chicago Sunday Tribune'', 12 October 1924, part 10, p.12</ref> The second concert consisted of popular works by <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Nicolai Nicolai]</span> and Saint-Saëns, an excerpt from Mozart's Symphony No.41 in C major K.551, one of Grieg's ''Peer Gynt'' suites and his <span class="plainlinks">[https://imslp.org/wiki/Piano_Concerto,_Op.16_(Grieg,_Edvard) Piano Concerto in a minor Op.16]</span>, with Marion as soloist;<ref>'Concerts and Recitals', ''Chicago Sunday Tribune'', 22 January 1922, part 8, p.3; 'Gordon Orchestra Gives Second Concert', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXV No.15, 4 February 1922, p.37<br />Stella Roberts also performed with the Sinai Symphony under Gordon, twice within the following month, see 'Recitals and Concerts', ''Chicago Sunday Tribune'', 5 February 1922, Part 8, p.14; 'Recitals and Concerts', ibid., 22 February 1922, Part 1, p.11</ref> regrettably, no review has been located. The following month she took part in another significant concert put on by Chicago's Musicians' Club of Women in the city's <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Arts_Building_(Chicago) Fine Arts Hall]</span>. The programme included a work of her own, the Theme and Double Fugue, described as 'presenting numerous difficulties which Miss Roberts ably overcame.'<ref>'Musicians Club Presents Composers in Own Works', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXV No.17, 18 February 1922, p.37</ref> This may have been the similarly titled work she had performed at a showcase for American Conservatory students the previous June (see [[#Studies|above]]); it is also the first of her own compositions she is known to have played in public as a freelance musician, a sign of her ambition and growing acceptance as a composer. In April, Marion Roberts and her sister Stella took part in an concert of unusual repertoire, vocal music in Hebrew sung by the soprano Mary Joyce Powelankey (later Bretton, 1898-1977); the proceeds were destined 'to aid the Jewish students of all foreign countries to continue their schooling.'<ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/cgs/1922/04/07/01/article/86/ 'Menorah to Give Musicale at Mandel Hall']</span>, ''The Sentinel'' [Chicago, Illinois], Vol.XLVI No.1, Saturday 7 April 1922, p.25</ref> Whether they performed any instrumental numbers is not known.
-In May 1922, the sisters took part in an hour-long musical broadcast on Chicago's pioneering radio telephone station <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KYW_(AM)#Origin_in_Chicago_.281921.29 KYW]</span>, jointly operated by <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Corporation Westinghouse]</span> and <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Edison Commonwealth Edison]</span> (and claimed as the first US station to broadcast live opera, the year before<ref>'Radio Men Tap Air for Opera Concerts', ''Des Moines Sunday Register'' [Des Moines, Iowa], 13 November 1921, Iowa Section, p.4 I; 'Grand Opera Free Via The Wireless', ''St Joseph Herald-Press'' [Saint Joseph, Michigan], Monday 21 November 1921, p.8; 'Scenes at KYW', ''Lebanon Daily News'' [Lebanon, Pennsylvania], Thursday 20 July 1922, p.6(?; NB capture very poor)</ref>). The very varied programme opened with Marion Roberts' only billed solo, a concert etude not attributed to any composer but possibly by MacDowell or <span class="plainlinks">[https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2088239 Constantin Sternberg]</span> (see [[#Solo repertoire|below]]). She must also have joined her sister for three short violin pieces, the composers again not named.<ref>'The program of Station KYW [...]', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Monday 8 May 1922, p.12</ref> It was not uncommon for contemporary broadcast billings and press notices to omit all mention of the works or composers performed. Also in May, the cellist Genevieve Brown joined the sisters for 'a complimentary concert in honor of the Misses Roberts' in <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.pilgrimoakpark.org/ a church]</span> minutes from their Oak Park home,<ref>'In Chicago Studios', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXVI No.4, 20 May 1922, p.47; 'Artist Students of Hans Hess Are Much in Demand', ''Musical Observer'', Vol.XXI No.6, June 1922, p.60</ref> which might well have included some of their own music. Nothing is known of the repertoire Brown and Marion performed in September in Brown's native city of <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan Grand Rapids]</span>, Michigan,<ref>Henderson, Victor 'Support Band Series', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXVI No.24, 7 October 1922, p.27; H.B.R. <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536327;view=1up;seq=1182 'Grand Rapids Hears A Variety Of Concerts']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXXV No.22, No.2225, Thursday 30 November 1922, p.58;</ref> or of what they played with Stella, as members of the Roberts Concert Company, in the Olivet College Lyceum course two months later.<ref>'Slight Hurt Now Alarming', ''The Enquirer and Evening News'' [Battle Creek, Michigan], Wednesday 22 November 1922, p.7</ref> The choral numbers sung in Orchestra Hall the same month by a male voice choir drawn from Chicago's Sunday schools were all listed in a review, as was the organist's solo, but the items played by Stella and Marion Roberts were not.<ref>'Choral Union Appears in Concert', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXVII No.6, 2 December 1922, pp.20, 43 (on p.43)</ref> Quite often, a violinist or cellist would, in the parlance of the day, 'assist' a singer, whose numbers received preferential treatment in the press; somewhat less common was a joint recital, such as that given in July 1922 by the soprano <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Sidenius_Zendt Marie Sidenius Zendt]</span> and violinist <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-06-10-9906100256-story.html Ruth Ray]</span>, some of whose solos, performed with Marion Roberts, were mentioned in ''Musical America'' - but not all.<ref>C.Q. 'Joint-Recital Attracts', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXVI No.14, 29 July 1922, p.20</ref> It seems miraculous that a programme log survives for the Roberts sisters' second known broadcast, this time for <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMAQ_(AM) WMAQ]</span>, the Chicago ''Daily News'' station in the <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Salle_Hotel LaSalle Hotel]</span>: besides eight violin items, mostly arrangements, the programme included piano solos by Arensky and Chopin - an etude each - and Katheryn Whitfield's <span class="plainlinks">[http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/1876/ ''In an Irish Jaunting Car'']</span>.<ref>The [Chicago] ''Daily News'' Radio Service 'Daily Program' (log), <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ien.35556004629119&view=1up&seq=411 Monday 4 December 1922]</span></ref>
+In May 1922, the sisters took part in an hour-long musical broadcast on Chicago's pioneering radio telephone station <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KYW_(AM)#Origin_in_Chicago_.281921.29 KYW]</span>, jointly operated by <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Corporation Westinghouse]</span> and <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Edison Commonwealth Edison]</span> (and claimed as the first US station to broadcast live opera, the year before<ref>'Radio Men Tap Air for Opera Concerts', ''Des Moines Sunday Register'' [Des Moines, Iowa], 13 November 1921, Iowa Section, p.4 I; 'Grand Opera Free Via The Wireless', ''St Joseph Herald-Press'' [Saint Joseph, Michigan], Monday 21 November 1921, p.8; 'Scenes at KYW', ''Lebanon Daily News'' [Lebanon, Pennsylvania], Thursday 20 July 1922, p.6(?; NB capture very poor)</ref>). The very varied programme opened with Marion Roberts' only billed solo, a concert etude not attributed to any composer but possibly by MacDowell or <span class="plainlinks">[https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2088239 Constantin Sternberg]</span> (see [[#Solo repertoire|below]]). She must also have joined her sister for three short violin pieces, the composers again not named<ref>'The program of Station KYW [...]', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Monday 8 May 1922, p.12</ref> (it was not uncommon for contemporary broadcast billings and press notices to omit all mention of the works or composers performed). Also in May, the cellist Genevieve Brown joined the sisters for 'a complimentary concert in honor of the Misses Roberts' in <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.pilgrimoakpark.org/ a church]</span> minutes from their Oak Park home,<ref>'In Chicago Studios', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXVI No.4, 20 May 1922, p.47; 'Artist Students of Hans Hess Are Much in Demand', ''Musical Observer'', Vol.XXI No.6, June 1922, p.60</ref> which may well have included some of their own music. Nothing is known of the repertoire Brown and Marion performed in September in Brown's native city of <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan Grand Rapids]</span>, Michigan,<ref>Henderson, Victor 'Support Band Series', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXVI No.24, 7 October 1922, p.27; H.B.R. <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536327;view=1up;seq=1182 'Grand Rapids Hears A Variety Of Concerts']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXXV No.22, No.2225, Thursday 30 November 1922, p.58;</ref> or of what they played with Stella, as members of the Roberts Concert Company, in the Olivet College Lyceum course two months later.<ref>'Slight Hurt Now Alarming', ''The Enquirer and Evening News'' [Battle Creek, Michigan], Wednesday 22 November 1922, p.7</ref> The choral numbers sung in Orchestra Hall the same month by a male voice choir drawn from Chicago's Sunday schools were all listed in a review, as was the organist's solo, but the items played by Stella and Marion Roberts were not.<ref>'Choral Union Appears in Concert', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXVII No.6, 2 December 1922, pp.20, 43 (on p.43)</ref> Quite often, a violinist or cellist would, in the parlance of the day, 'assist' a singer, whose numbers received preferential treatment in the press; somewhat less common was a joint recital, such as that given in July 1922 by the soprano <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Sidenius_Zendt Marie Sidenius Zendt]</span> and violinist <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-06-10-9906100256-story.html Ruth Ray]</span>, some of whose solos, performed with Marion Roberts, were mentioned in ''Musical America'' - but not all.<ref>C.Q. 'Joint-Recital Attracts', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXVI No.14, 29 July 1922, p.20</ref> It seems miraculous that a programme log survives for the Roberts sisters' second known broadcast, this time for <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMAQ_(AM) WMAQ]</span>, the Chicago ''Daily News'' station in the <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Salle_Hotel LaSalle Hotel]</span>: besides eight violin items, mostly arrangements, the programme included piano solos by Arensky and Chopin - an etude each - and Katheryn Whitfield's <span class="plainlinks">[http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/1876/ ''In an Irish Jaunting Car'']</span>.<ref>The [Chicago] ''Daily News'' Radio Service 'Daily Program' (log), <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ien.35556004629119&view=1up&seq=411 Monday 4 December 1922]</span></ref>
 ===1923===

@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 In January 1924, the Roberts sisters broadcast from the <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_Electronics#History Zenith Radio Corporation]</span> station WJAZ; details of their repertoire are, again, lacking.<ref>'Today's Program', ''New York Times'', Sunday 13 January 1924, p.X12; 'Radio Programs', ''The Brooklyn Daily Eagle'' [Brooklyn, New York], Sunday 13 January 1924, p.8 B</ref> For all these lacunae, there is evidence that such broadcasts helped spread the sisters' reputation. According to a local newspaper, it preceded them to <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeport,_Illinois Freeport], Illinois, where they performed the following month:
   'One woman, a good judge of music in Freeport, who has heard these talented musicians in Chicago, has said: "I do not believe Freeport really knows what marvels they are going to hear, they are prodigies, wonderful performers, and such young girls." Another who has listened to them over radio said: "They are artists."'<ref>'Music', ''Freeport Journal-Standard'' [Freeport, Illinois], Wednesday 30 January 1924, p.6</ref>
-In March, the sisters performed at a gala in honour of the principal of their former High School in Oak Park; curiously, no graduation year was noted for Marion.<ref>'Tribute Paid To M.R. M'Daniel By Oak Park High School Patrons', ''The Daily Republican'' [Rushville, Indiana], Tuesday, 18 March 1924, pp.1, 3</ref> Meanwhile, the Children's Department of the American Conservatory was reported to be 'having the largest enrollment in its history.'<ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/refadv/1924/03/15/01/article/31/ 'News and Gossip of the Musicians']</span>, ''The Reform Advocate'' [Chicago, Illinois], Vol.LXVII No.7, 15 March 1924, p.210-11</ref> In April, Stella and Marion travelled to <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janesville,_Wisconsin Janesville, Wisconsin]</span>, to appear at the local MacDowell Club.<ref>'Marion Roberts Pianist [...]', ''Janesville Daily Gazette'' [Janesville, Wisconsin], Friday 4 April 1924, p.3</ref> The programme has not been traced; perhaps it included compositions by Marion? In May, some of her songs were performed during a recital of works by Weidig's pupils at the Conservatory; no titles are known.<ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/refadv/1924/05/03/01/article/41/ 'News and Gossip of the Musicians']</span>, ''The Reform Advocate'' [Chicago, Illinois], Vol.LXVII No.14, 3 May 1924, p.434</ref> By this time - perhaps earlier - the sisters had formed the Roberts-Brown Trio with Genevieve Brown, cellist of the short-lived Roberts Concert Company, who was now living with the Roberts family in Oak Park. In May, the Trio broadcast over the ''Chicago Tribune''-Zenith station <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGN_(AM) WGN]</span>. Their programme ranged from Mendelssohn's <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_Trio_No._1_(Mendelssohn) Piano Trio in d minor Op.49]</span> to the popular salon piece ''Au bord d'un ruisseau'' ('By a Brook') by <span class="plainlinks">[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Boisdeffre René de Boisdeffre]</span>. There were solos for all three members, with Marion playing pieces by Brahms, Debussy, Lyadov, Rubinstein and Scarlatti-Godowsky. A newspaper billing for this broadcast announced that the Trio was shortly to sail for Europe;<ref>'Today's Radio Programs', ''Chicago Sunday Tribune'', 25 May 1924, part 9, p.11</ref> in their passport applications, the members stated that they intended to tour France, Italy, Switzerland, Holland, England and Belgium,<ref>Passport applications accessed via <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.ancestry.co.uk ancestry.co.uk]</span></ref> but a later report shortened the list to France and England.<ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/refadv/1924/08/02/01/article/24/ 'News and Gossip of the Musicians']</span>, ''The Reform Advocate'' [Chicago, Illinois], Vol.LXVIII No.1, 2 August 1924, pp.18-19</ref> Before leaving, Marion Roberts appeared in three concerts in <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonville,_Illinois Jacksonville], Illinois, a result of her success in the 1923 Illinois State Federation of Music Clubs contests; her programmes included several pieces she had played in Nashville in August 1923.<ref>'Programs Of Merit Announced For Today', ''Jacksonville Daily Journal'' [Jacksonville, Illinois], Sunday 25 May 1924, Section Two, p.4</ref> She also performed in Chicago with soprano Helen Hedges, prize-winner in the vocal contests in 1923.<ref>Moore, Edward 'Long List of Operas on Ravinia Schedule', ''Chicago Sunday Tribune'', 4 May 1924, part 9, pp.1, 6</ref>
+In March, the sisters performed at a gala in honour of the principal of their former High School in Oak Park; curiously, no graduation year was noted for Marion.<ref>'Tribute Paid To M.R. M'Daniel By Oak Park High School Patrons', ''The Daily Republican'' [Rushville, Indiana], Tuesday 18 March 1924, pp.1, 3</ref> Meanwhile, the Children's Department of the American Conservatory was reported to be 'having the largest enrollment in its history.'<ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/refadv/1924/03/15/01/article/31/ 'News and Gossip of the Musicians']</span>, ''The Reform Advocate'' [Chicago, Illinois], Vol.LXVII No.7, 15 March 1924, p.210-11</ref> In April, Stella and Marion travelled to <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janesville,_Wisconsin Janesville, Wisconsin]</span>, to appear at the local MacDowell Club.<ref>'Marion Roberts Pianist [...]', ''Janesville Daily Gazette'' [Janesville, Wisconsin], Friday 4 April 1924, p.3</ref> The programme has not been traced; perhaps it included compositions by Marion? In May, some of her songs were performed during a recital of works by Weidig's pupils at the Conservatory; no titles are known.<ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/refadv/1924/05/03/01/article/41/ 'News and Gossip of the Musicians']</span>, ''The Reform Advocate'' [Chicago, Illinois], Vol.LXVII No.14, 3 May 1924, p.434</ref> By this time - perhaps earlier - the sisters had formed the Roberts-Brown Trio with Genevieve Brown, cellist of the short-lived Roberts Concert Company, who was now living with the Roberts family in Oak Park. In May, the Trio broadcast over the ''Chicago Tribune''-Zenith station <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGN_(AM) WGN]</span>. Their programme ranged from Mendelssohn's <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_Trio_No._1_(Mendelssohn) Piano Trio in d minor Op.49]</span> to the popular salon piece ''Au bord d'un ruisseau'' ('By a Brook') by <span class="plainlinks">[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Boisdeffre René de Boisdeffre]</span>. There were solos for all three members, with Marion playing pieces by Brahms, Debussy, Lyadov, Rubinstein and Scarlatti-Godowsky. A newspaper billing for this broadcast announced that the Trio was shortly to sail for Europe;<ref>'Today's Radio Programs', ''Chicago Sunday Tribune'', 25 May 1924, part 9, p.11</ref> in their passport applications, the members stated that they intended to tour France, Italy, Switzerland, Holland, England and Belgium,<ref>Passport applications accessed via <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.ancestry.co.uk ancestry.co.uk]</span></ref> but a later report shortened the list to France and England.<ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/refadv/1924/08/02/01/article/24/ 'News and Gossip of the Musicians']</span>, ''The Reform Advocate'' [Chicago, Illinois], Vol.LXVIII No.1, 2 August 1924, pp.18-19</ref> Before leaving, Marion Roberts appeared in three concerts in <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonville,_Illinois Jacksonville], Illinois, a result of her success in the 1923 Illinois State Federation of Music Clubs contests; her programmes included several pieces she had played in Nashville in August 1923.<ref>'Programs Of Merit Announced For Today', ''Jacksonville Daily Journal'' [Jacksonville, Illinois], Sunday 25 May 1924, Section Two, p.4</ref> She also performed in Chicago with soprano Helen Hedges, prize-winner in the vocal contests in 1923.<ref>Moore, Edward 'Long List of Operas on Ravinia Schedule', ''Chicago Sunday Tribune'', 4 May 1924, part 9, pp.1, 6</ref>
 No notices of concerts or broadcasts given in Europe by the Roberts-Brown Trio or its individual members have been located. On their return, the Roberts sisters resumed broadcasting for WGN, once in a series entitled 'The Tribune Master Artist Concerts', and once in the Lyon & Healy Artist Series, sponsored by the prominent Chicago <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.lyonhealy.com/lyon-healy-harps/harps-maker-company-history/ musical manufacturer and retailer]</span>; regrettably, as so often, the programmes remain unknown.<ref>'Radio Programs for Today', ''Chicago Sunday Tribune'', 12 October 1924, part 10, p.12; 'Today's Radio Programs', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Monday 24 November 1924, p.12</ref> The Roberts-Brown Trio's activities came to an abrupt end in October 1924, when Genevieve Brown eloped with a music-loving Chicago lawyer and businessman; in August the following year, they had their first child, named Marion (whether in honour of her mother's friend is not known).<ref>'Alumni Notes', ''Harvard Alumni Bulletin'', Vol.XXVIII No.11, 10 December 1925, p.338-44 (on pp.<span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015075935182&view=1up&seq=31 331-32]</span>); The Ralph and Genevieve B. Horween Foundation <span class="plainlinks">[http://horweenfoundation.org/founders.htm 'The Founders']</span>, n.d.</ref>
@@ Line 146: / Line 146: @@
 '''Brahms''' Unspecified works<ref>Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097535834;view=1up;seq=106 'Conservatories And Studios Furnish Chicago Summer Items']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXV No.3, No.1947, Thursday 19 July 1917, p.8; E[dward].M[oore]. 'Miss Roberts Proves Self Pianist of Merit', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Wednesday 6 May 1925, p.21</ref>
-'''Bull''', Eyvind Hagerup Unspecified work<ref>E[dward].M[oore]. 'Miss Roberts Proves Self Pianist of Merit', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Wednesday 6 May 1925, p.21<br />E.H. Bull (1882-1949), a great-nephew of the Norwegian virtuoso violinist and composer <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_Bull Ole Bull]</span>, was a consulting mechanical engineer by profession but also an amateur composer and music critic of the Chicago ''Music News'', see 'Eyvind Hagerup Bull' (obituary), ''Wisconsin State Journal'' [Madison, Wisconsin], Saturday, 12 February 1949, p.4; born in Madison, Wisconsin, at the time of Roberts' recital Bull was living in Chicago. His son was the composer <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_Bull Storm Bull]</span> (1913-2007)</ref>
+'''Bull''', Eyvind Hagerup Unspecified work<ref>E[dward].M[oore]. 'Miss Roberts Proves Self Pianist of Merit', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Wednesday 6 May 1925, p.21<br />E.H. Bull (1882-1949), a great-nephew of the Norwegian virtuoso violinist and composer <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_Bull Ole Bull]</span>, was a consulting mechanical engineer by profession but also an amateur composer and music critic of the Chicago ''Music News'', see 'Eyvind Hagerup Bull' (obituary), ''Wisconsin State Journal'' [Madison, Wisconsin], Saturday 12 February 1949, p.4; born in Madison, Wisconsin, at the time of Roberts' recital Bull was living in Chicago. His son was the composer <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_Bull Storm Bull]</span> (1913-2007)</ref>
 <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Alden_Carpenter '''Carpenter''', John Alden]</span> <span class="plainlinks">[https://imslp.org/wiki/2_Piano_Pieces_(Carpenter%2C_John_Alden) 2 Piano Pieces]</span>

@@ Line 80: / Line 80: @@
 Once classes began, it was again reported that the Children's Department had enjoyed a record intake; Marion was named as one of Louise Robyn's five assistants.<ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/refadv/1924/10/18/01/article/32/ 'News and Gossip of the Musicians']</span>, ''The Reform Advocate'' [Chicago, Illinois], Vol.LXVIII No.12, 18 October 1924, p.410</ref>
-===1925 to February 1927===
+===1925 to March 1927===
 By 1925, both sisters were listed in a Chicago business directory and in a <span class="plainlinks">[https://archive.org/stream/midwestmusicians19251926chic#page/46/mode/1up/ directory]</span> of musicians, with Marion's address given as that of the American Conservatory in Kimball Hall.<ref>''Chicago Central Business and Office Building Directory 1925'', The Winters Publishing Co., June 1925, p.642; Mid-west Concert Management, Inc. ''Third Annual Chicago and Midwest Musicians' and Allied Artists' Directory, Season 1925-26'', Chicago, 1925, p.<span class="plainlinks">[https://archive.org/details/midwestmusicians19251926chic/page/46 46]</span></ref> In March, they were among the Conservatory staff assisting at a concert given by Weidig's ensemble class, when Marion appears to have joined an unnamed pupil in a Beethoven sonata, possibly Op.24.<ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/refadv/1925/03/28/01/article/46/ 'News and Gossip of the Musicians']</span>, ''The Reform Advocate'' [Chicago, Illinois], Vol.LXIX No.9, 28 March 1925, p.274</ref> In May, she gave a solo recital in Kimball Hall, prompting Edward Moore, critic of the ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', to write:
   'she has that indefinable quality called style and the still more elusive quality called personality. She did rather well in her program construction on several counts [...] beginning her program with a new Godowsky transcription of a Bach suite – that for the cello in C minor – and continuing with a group of hitherto unheard works by Weidig-Brinkman, E.H. Bull, and herself. For Miss Roberts is a composer as well as pianist, the difference being that she is a better pianist. As a composer she is highly learned, as an elaborate modernistic treatment of a Passacaglia, Chorale, Canon, and Fugue testified. It was no small feat of composition, but with the difference that the sparkle and likable persuasiveness which is always in her playing did not extend to her musical invention.'<ref>E[dward].M[oore]. 'Miss Roberts Proves Self Pianist of Merit', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Wednesday 6 May 1925, p.21</ref>
@@ Line 88: / Line 88: @@
 If this account is to be taken at face value, it seems the Atlantic crossing and homecoming did Marion Roberts much good. On 19 August, twelve days after landing in New York, she was well enough to join her sister Stella for a half-hour broadcast via Chicago's WMAQ, followed by another a week later.<ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://archive.org/stream/radiodigest19261618radi#page/n761 'Thursday, August 19']</span>, ''Radio Digest Illustrated'', 15 August 1926, p.18; <span class="plainlinks">[https://archive.org/stream/radiodigest19261618radi#page/n765 'Thursday, August 26']</span>, ibid., p.23</ref> In November 1926, the sisters gave another broadcast, billed as 'the American Conservatory of Music program', this time on WLIB (not to be confused with the later <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLIB WLIB AM]</span> of New York), a station owned by the weekly magazine <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_(general_interest_magazine) ''Liberty'']</span>. Marion's items consisted of the two outer movements of Mozart's <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_Sonata_No._11_(Mozart) Sonata in A major K.331]</span>, and three unspecified etudes by Chopin.<ref>'Radio Programs For Today', ''Chicago Sunday Tribune'', 21 November 1926, part 8, p.10</ref> The radio critic of the ''Chicago Daily Tribune'' wrote that 'A reappearance in a longer and more ambitious program would be welcome.'<ref>Douglass, Elmer 'Elmer Heaps Praise on Two Noted Singers', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Monday 22 November 1926, p.24</ref> His wish was not entirely granted in February 1927, when the Roberts sisters again broadcast the 'American Conservatory of Music program' over WLIB: Marion played mostly short pieces by Borodin, Chopin and Debussy, the most substantial being Chopin's <span class="plainlinks">[https://imslp.org/wiki/Impromptu_No.2%2C_Op.36_(Chopin%2C_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric) Impromptu in F sharp major Op.36]</span>, while Stella's lighter fare included a Tango of her own composition.<ref>'Radio Programs For Today', ''Chicago Sunday Tribune'', 27 February 1927, part 7, p.10</ref> Later press reports stated that Marion Roberts 'attracted considerable note as a pianist for radio station WLS'.<ref>'American Girl Slain in France', ''The Courier-Journal'' [Louisville, Kentucky], Sunday 24 April 1927, pp.1-2</ref> To date, no billings for or notices of broadcasts by her from this <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLS_(AM) Chicago station]</span> have been located; but if she was station pianist, her name may have been routinely omitted from billings, which were often very sparse.
 ===April 1927===

@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 ===1921===
-In March 1921, at <span class="plainlinks">[http://digicol.lib.depaul.edu/cdm/ref/collection/dpubuilding/id/739 Kimball Hall]</span>, Stella Roberts gave her debut solo recital. She opened with her own Violin Sonata, which Ruth Miller of the ''Chicago Daily Tribune'' judged 'exceedingly well written' if 'conventional', noting Marion's 'expert accompaniments'.<ref>R[uth].M[iller]. 'Stella Roberts Earns Unstinted Praise in Debut at Violinist', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Wednesday 9 March 1921, p.19; see also 'Fiddle Strings', ''The Violinist'', Vol.XXVIII No.1, January 1921, pp.124-126(?) (on p.<span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433082165162;view=1up;seq=128 124]</span>) (N.B. a portion of this rubric may be missing)</ref> (It was followed by the first movement of <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Goldmark Karl Goldmark]'s</span> <span class="plainlinks">[https://imslp.org/wiki/Violin_Concerto%2C_Op.28_(Goldmark%2C_Carl) Violin Concerto]</span>; the remainder of the programme is not known.<ref>E.C.M. (Moore, Edward C.?) 'Chicago Bows to Stock as Composer', ''Musical America'', VolXXXIII No.21, 19 March 1921, p.52; Rosenfeld, Maurice [Title unknown], ''Chicago Daily News'', date unknown, quoted in 'Music', ''Freeport Journal-Standard'' [Freeport, Illinois], Wednesday 30 January 1924, p.6</ref>) In June, the sisters took Stella's Sonata to <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.augustana.edu/about-us Augustana College]</span>, <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois Rock Island]</span>, Illinois, for the closing concert of the 12th biennial Convention of the <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.nfmc-music.org/ National Federation of Music Clubs]</span>;<ref>'Last Concert of Monday Evening is Twenty-second Musical Event of Biennial', ''The Davenport Democrat and Leader'' [Davenport, Iowa], Tuesday 14 June 1921, p.3</ref> one local critic found it 'perhaps a little long'.<ref>'Texas Woman Is Named President of Music Clubs', ''Moline Daily Dispatch'' [Moline, Illinois], Tuesday 14 June 1921, p.10</ref> In November, they performed for Chicago's Lake View Musical Society, of which they were both members,<ref><span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112089701673;view=1up;seq=56 'Glimpses of Music in Chicago']</span>, ''The Musical Monitor'', Vol.XI No.3, December 1921, p.92</ref> but their contributions to the mixed vocal and instrumental programme were not noticed.<ref>Raymond, Emil 'Chicago Hails Recitalists', ''Musical America'', Vol.XXXV No.5, 26 November 1921, pp.2, 42 (on p.42)</ref>
+In early March 1921, Stella Roberts gave her debut solo recital, at Chicago's <span class="plainlinks">[http://digicol.lib.depaul.edu/cdm/ref/collection/dpubuilding/id/739 Kimball Hall]</span>. She opened with her own Violin Sonata, which Ruth Miller of the ''Chicago Daily Tribune'' judged 'exceedingly well written' if 'conventional', noting Marion's 'expert accompaniments'.<ref>R[uth].M[iller]. 'Stella Roberts Earns Unstinted Praise in Debut at Violinist', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Wednesday 9 March 1921, p.19; see also 'Fiddle Strings', ''The Violinist'', Vol.XXVIII No.1, January 1921, pp.124-126(?) (on p.<span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433082165162;view=1up;seq=128 124]</span>) (N.B. a portion of this rubric may be missing)</ref> (It was followed by the first movement of <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Goldmark Karl Goldmark]'s</span> <span class="plainlinks">[https://imslp.org/wiki/Violin_Concerto%2C_Op.28_(Goldmark%2C_Carl) Violin Concerto]</span>; the remainder of the programme is not known.<ref>E.C.M. (Moore, Edward C.?) 'Chicago Bows to Stock as Composer', ''Musical America'', VolXXXIII No.21, 19 March 1921, p.52; Rosenfeld, Maurice [Title unknown], ''Chicago Daily News'', date unknown, quoted in 'Music', ''Freeport Journal-Standard'' [Freeport, Illinois], Wednesday 30 January 1924, p.6</ref>) In June, the sisters took Stella's Sonata to <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.augustana.edu/about-us Augustana College]</span>, <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois Rock Island]</span>, Illinois, for the closing concert of the 12th biennial Convention of the <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.nfmc-music.org/ National Federation of Music Clubs]</span>;<ref>'Last Concert of Monday Evening is Twenty-second Musical Event of Biennial', ''The Davenport Democrat and Leader'' [Davenport, Iowa], Tuesday 14 June 1921, p.3</ref> one local critic found it 'perhaps a little long'.<ref>'Texas Woman Is Named President of Music Clubs', ''Moline Daily Dispatch'' [Moline, Illinois], Tuesday 14 June 1921, p.10</ref>
-Some time in 1921, the sisters tried out the Lyceum or 'lecture course' circuit. They had joined forces with a Michigan-born cellist, <span class="plainlinks">[http://horweenfoundation.org/founders_2.htm Genevieve Brown]</span> (1901-87), and a tenor, Grayson Lewis,<ref>Details of Grayson Lewis's life and career have proved elusive; he appears briefly to have led an eponymous concert party of his own, see 'Hope Chautauqua Program', ''The Hope Dispatch'' [Hope, Kansas], Thursday 1 June 1916, p.[3], 'The Norcatur Chautauqua', ''Norcatur Dispatch'' [Norcatur, Kansas], Thursday 19 April 1917, p.[1], etc.</ref> to form the Roberts Concert Company. Their first appearance, in the lecture course of <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivet_College Olivet College]</span> in Michigan, is known solely from a report of their return the following year,<ref>'Past Masters Night Feature At Olivet', ''Lansing State Journal'' [Lansing, Michigan], Saturday 18 November 1922, p.5</ref> after which the Company was not heard of again.<ref>Known in full as the Roberts Concert Company of Oak Park, Ill., it should not be confused with another Roberts Concert Company active in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas and other states, and led by cellist Katherine Roberts, see 'Many Expected At Chautauqua', ''Moline Daily Dispatch'' [Moline, Illinois], Saturday 7 August 1926, p.16</ref> As far as is known, these were Marion Roberts' only forays into the Lyceum market.
+also saw the sisters trying their hands at the Lyceum or 'lecture course' circuit. The first to do so was seemingly Marion herself, as early as mid-March, when she appeared alongside Chicago circuit lecturer Mary Hight (1885-1937)<ref>Born Mary Smith in Chicago, Mrs. Hight was an actress, lecturer, political speaker and broadcaster; widowed in 1927, she remarried in 1935 and moved to Tucson, Arizona, where she died suddenly less than two years later, see 'Mrs. Carl Puhl Dead; Formerly Mrs. Mary Hight', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Thursday 29 April 1937, p.27, ancestry.com and </ref> at a <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waynoka_Santa_Fe_Depot_and_Harvey_House depot]</span> of the <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atchison,_Topeka_and_Santa_Fe_Railway Santa Fe Railway]</span> in <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waynoka,_Oklahoma Waynoka]</span>, a railroad town in Oklahoma. As the local newspaper recounted, the pair presented their entertainment twice:
 ===1922===

@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 ==Career==
 The following account of Marion Roberts' short career is incomplete; further notices and listings of her performances and broadcasts surely remain to be unearthed in sources not yet consulted.
 ===1920===
-Roberts' earliest documented public appearance which was not organized by the American Conservatory took place in May 1920, when she played alongside her sister Stella at the annual concert of their local <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacDowell_Club MacDowell Club]</span> in Oak Park. The programme is not known, but it probably included both duos and piano solos, and possibly a work by <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_MacDowell the composer]</span> after whom this nationwide network of clubs was named, and whose music Marion would later perform elsewhere.<ref>'McDowell Club Recital Today', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Friday 21 May 1920, part 1, p.15</ref> In December, the sisters took part in a concert devoted entirely to American composers and performers, put on by Chicago's Musicians' Club of Women. Marion's contribution was substantial, consisting of a polonaise by <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Alden_Carpenter John Alden Carpenter]</span> (presumably the ''Polonaise américaine'' from his <span class="plainlinks">[https://imslp.org/wiki/2_Piano_Pieces_(Carpenter%2C_John_Alden) 2 Piano Pieces]</span>), the ''Juba Dance'' from <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Nathaniel_Dett Nathaniel Dett]</span>'s suite <span class="plainlinks">[https://imslp.org/wiki/In_the_Bottoms_(Dett%2C_Robert_Nathaniel) ''In the Bottoms'']</span>, one of ''Three Silhouettes'' Op.1 by <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.hildegard.com/composer_detail.php?id=26 Marie Bergersen]</span>, and the <span class="plainlinks">[https://urresearch.rochester.edu/institutionalPublicationPublicView.action?institutionalItemId=15084 ''Fugato-humoresque on the theme of Dixie'' Op.21]</span> by <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mana-Zucca Mana-Zucca]</span>, described by one critic as 'the best number in the group', whether as music or for Marion's performance is unclear.<ref>Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536149;view=1up;seq=1326 'Recitals Continue To Invade Chicago']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXXI No.26, No.2124, Thursday 23 December 1920, pp.36-37</ref>
+No further appearances by Marion Roberts as a freelance performer are documented until May 1920, when she joined Stella at the annual concert of their local <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacDowell_Club MacDowell Club]</span> in Oak Park. The programme is again not known, but it probably included both duos and piano solos, and possibly a work by <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_MacDowell the composer]</span> after whom this nationwide network of clubs was named, and whose music Marion would later perform elsewhere.<ref>'McDowell Club Recital Today', ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', Friday 21 May 1920, part 1, p.15</ref> In December, the sisters took part in a concert devoted entirely to American composers and performers, put on by Chicago's Musicians' Club of Women. Marion's contribution was substantial, consisting of a polonaise by <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Alden_Carpenter John Alden Carpenter]</span> (presumably the ''Polonaise américaine'' from his <span class="plainlinks">[https://imslp.org/wiki/2_Piano_Pieces_(Carpenter%2C_John_Alden) 2 Piano Pieces]</span>), the ''Juba Dance'' from <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Nathaniel_Dett Nathaniel Dett]</span>'s suite <span class="plainlinks">[https://imslp.org/wiki/In_the_Bottoms_(Dett%2C_Robert_Nathaniel) ''In the Bottoms'']</span>, one of ''Three Silhouettes'' Op.1 by <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.hildegard.com/composer_detail.php?id=26 Marie Bergersen]</span>, and the <span class="plainlinks">[https://urresearch.rochester.edu/institutionalPublicationPublicView.action?institutionalItemId=15084 ''Fugato-humoresque on the theme of Dixie'' Op.21]</span> by <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mana-Zucca Mana-Zucca]</span>, described by one critic as 'the best number in the group', whether as music or for Marion's performance is unclear.<ref>Cox, Jeannette <span class="plainlinks">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097536149;view=1up;seq=1326 'Recitals Continue To Invade Chicago']</span>, ''Musical Courier'', Vol.LXXXI No.26, No.2124, Thursday 23 December 1920, pp.36-37</ref>
 ===1921===